POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

Introduction

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects mainly a woman’s hormone levels.

Women with PCOS produce higher-than-normal amounts of male hormones. This hormone imbalance especially causes them to skip menstrual periods and makes it harder for them to get pregnant.

PCOS also causes hair growth on the face and body, and also baldness. And it can contribute to long-term health problems like diabetes and heart disease.

Birth control pills and diabetes drugs can help fix the hormone imbalance and improve symptoms.

The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown. Early diagnosis and treatment along with weight loss may reduce the high risk of long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Causes-The exact cause of PCOS isn't known. Factors that might play a imp role is: Excess insulin. Insulin is the hormone that produced in the pancreas that allows cells to use sugar, your body's primary energy supply. If your cells become resistant to the action of insulin, then your blood sugar levels can rise and your body might produce more insulin. Excess insulin might increase androgen production, causing difficulty with ovulation. Low grade inflammation-. This term is used to describe white blood cells' production of substances to fight infection. Research has shown that women with PCOS have a type of low-grade inflammation that stimulates polycystic ovaries to produce androgens, which can lead to heart and blood vessel problems. Heredity. Research suggests that certain genes might be linked to PCOS. Excess androgen.- The ovaries produce abnormally high levels of androgen, resulting in hirsutism and acne. CLINICAL SYMTOMS 1- Irregular periods.- A lack of ovulation prevents the uterine lining from shedding every month. Some women with PCOS get fewer than eight periods a year. 2-Heavy bleeding.- The uterine lining builds up for a longer period of time, so the periods you do get can be heavier than normal. 3-Hair growth.- More than 60 percent of women with this condition grow hair on their face and body — including on their back, belly, and chest . Excess hair growth is called hirsutism. 3-ACNE-Male hormones can make the skin oilier than usual and cause breakouts on areas like the face, chest, and upper back 4-Weight gain.- Up to 80 percent of women with PCOS are overweight or obese . 5-Darkening of the skin.- Dark patches of skin can form in body creases like those on the neck, in the groin, and under the breasts. 6-Male-pattern baldness.- Hair on the scalp gets thinner and fall out. DIAGNOSIS- Doctor can diagnosis if a women at least these symtom. 1-irregular menstruation. 2-ovarian cyst. 3-High androgen level. PREGNANCY DURING PCOS PCOS interrupts the normal menstrual cycle and makes it harder to get pregnant. Between 70 and 80 percent of women with PCOS have fertility problem. Women with PCOS are twice as likely as women without the condition to deliver their baby prematurely. They’re also at greater risk for miscarriage, high blood pressure, and gestational diabetes . However, women with PCOS can get pregnant using fertility treatments that improve ovulation. Losing weight and lowering blood sugar levels can improve your odds of having a healthy pregnancy. COMPLICATION- 1-Infertility 2-Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis —a severe liver inflammation caused by fat accumulation in the liver. 3- Gestational diabetes or pregnancy-induced high blood pressure . 4- Miscarriage or premature birth. 5-Metabolic syndrome — a cluster of conditions including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that significantly increase your risk of cardiovascular disease. 6-Sleep apnea. 7-Abnormal uterine bleeding. DIET-Treatment of PCOS usually starts with lifestyle changes like weight loss, diet, and exercise. Losing just 10 to 20 percent of your body weight can help regulate your menstrual cycle and improve PCOS symptoms (11, 20). Weight loss can also improve cholesterol levels, lower insulin, and reduce heart disease and diabetes risks. Exercise is even more beneficial when combined with a healthy diet. Diet plus exercise helps you lose more weight than either intervention alone, and it lowers your risks for diabetes and heart disease

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